European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology. 2026; 47(3): 138-140. doi: 10.22514/ejgo.2026.042
Correction

Correction: Cancer screening behaviors and health literacy levels of women aged 30 and over in the northwest Turkey

Ülfiye Çelikkalp1,*,, Aylin Yalçın Irmak2

1Department of Public Health, Trakya University School of Medicine, 22030 Edirne, Turkey

2Department of Nursing, Health High School, Namık Kemal University, 59100 Tekirdağ, Turkey

*Corresponding Author(s):ulfiyecelikkalp@trakya.edu.tr (Ülfiye Çelikkalp)

History Published: 15 October 2026
Copyright:  ©2026 The Author(s). Published by MRE Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Collapse table of contents

Abstract

No abstract available.

Keywords:None.
PDF(274.24 kB)|EndNote (RIS)|BibTeX|RefMan|RefWorks

Cite this article

Ülfiye Çelikkalp, Aylin Yalçın Irmak. Correction: Cancer screening behaviors and health literacy levels of women aged 30 and over in the northwest Turkey. European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology. 2026; 47(3): 138-140. doi: 10.22514/ejgo.2026.042

There were some data errors introduced during the typesetting and transcription of the original article [1]. The authors regret any confusion these inaccuracies may have caused to readers and the editorial team, and corrections have been made as follows:

In the Results section (third paragraph, line 6), the number of women aged 40 and above who had never undergone a mammogram was incorrectly stated as n = 144 (77.7%). The correct number is n = 143.

In the Results section (third paragraph, line 8) and in Table 1 (under the 50–69 age fecal occult blood test row), the number of women who had never undergone fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) was incorrectly stated as n = 107. The correct number is n = 77 (71.3%).

In Table 1 (Age category row), the age group distribution was incorrectly reported as 30–49 years: 65.1% (n = 196) and 50–69 years: 34.9% (n = 105). The corrected values are 30–49 years: 64.2% (n = 193) and 50–69 years: 35.8% (n = 108).

In Table 2, in the Pap smear (30 age up) column, the p-value for THL was incorrectly reported as 0.047. The corrected p-value is 0.157 (OR remains 0.585, 95% CI: 0.279–1.230). In the same column, the odds ratio for BSE was incorrectly reported as 1.117 (95% CI: 0.398–3.140). The corrected OR is 0.895 (95% CI: 0.318–2.515).

In Table 2, in the Pap smear (30 age up) column, the odds ratio (OR) for the association between clinical breast examination (CBE) performed by a physician and pap-smear screening participation was incorrectly reported as 1.139 (95% CI: 1.074–1.965). The corrected OR is 7.205 (95% CI: 3.820–13.590). In the Abstract, the corresponding odds ratio should also be 7.205 (95% CI: 3.820–13.590). Furthermore, the Results section (paragraph 8, line 6) should remove the inaccurate reference to health literacy and cervical cancer screening; it should read: “Women with sufficient health literacy were more likely to participate in breast cancer (mammography) screening.”

The corresponding values have been corrected in Tables 1 and 2, as follows:

Table 1.Socio-demographic, health and cancer screening tests behavioral characteristics of women (n = 301).
Variables% (n)/Mean ± SD
Age43.66 ± 9.02
Age group (yr)
30–4964.2 (193)
50–6935.8 (108)
Marital status
Married85.0 (256)
Single15.0 (45)
Education level
High school and below47.2 (142)
University and above52.8 (159)
Economic level
Income less than expenses20.3 (61)
Income equals expense58.1 (175)
Income more than expenses21.6 (65)
Social security
Yes89.4 (269)
No10.6 (32)
Work status
Working48.8 (147)
Not working51.2 (154)
Chronic diseases
Yes34.9 (105)
No65.1 (196)
Regular physical activity
Sometimes-never82.4 (248)
Always17.6 (53)
Family history of cancer
Yes45.5 (137)
No54.5 (164)
THL-32
Inadequate/problematic-limiteda80.7 (243)
Adequate/excellent19.3 (58)
Papsmear
Yes21.9 (66)
No78.1 (235)
BSE
Never24.6 (74)
Regularly67.8 (204)
Not regularly7.6 (23)
CBE
No-never67.8 (204)
Regularly32.2 (97)
Mammography (40–69 age) (n = 184)
Yes22.3 (41)
No-never77.7 (143)
50–69 age colonoscopy (n = 108)
1 once and regularly16.7 (18)
Never and never heard83.3 (90)
50–69 age fecal occult blood test (n = 108)
I’ve never heard of it71.3 (77)
Regularly28.7 (31)
Screening test during the pandemic period (n = 301) (Between March 2020 to present)
Never74.8 (225)
I took at least 1 test25.2 (76)

THL-32: Turkey Health Literacy Scale-32; BSE: Breast self-examination; CBE: Clinical breast examination; SD: Standard deviation.

Table 2.The relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and screening behaviors of participants according to multivariate binary logistic regression analysis.
VariablesPapsmear (30 age up)Mammography (40 age)Colonoscopy (50 age up)
OR (95% CI)pOR (95% CI)pOR (95% CI)p
Age1.011 (0.978–1.046)0.5180.885 (0.819– 0.956)0.0021.025 (0.907–1.163)0.700
THL0.585 (0.279–1.230)0.1574.421 (1.114–17.539)0.0350.476 (0.079–2.966)0.103
BSE0.895 (0.318–2.515)0.8334.424 (1.003–19.510)0.0480.798 (0.108–5.857)0.820
CBE7.205 (3.820–13.590)<0.00122.761 (5.930–87.364)<0.0013.881 (1.083–18.076)0.044
PapsmearNANA4.509 (1.605–12.672)0.0010.276 (0.054–1.293)0.103
MammographyNANANANA1.715 (0.337–8.919)0.521
FBOTNANANANA7.924 (2.384–26.375)<0.001
ColonoscopyNANANANANANA

OR: Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; NA: Not applicable; THL: Turkiye Health Literacy; BSE: Breast self-examination; CBE: Clinical breast examination; FBOT: Fecal Occult Blood Test. Papsmear: Hosmer and Lemeshow test: chi square = 4.897, p = 0.769, Nagelkerke R square = 0.233, Mammography: Hosmer and Lemeshow test: chi square = 8.683, p = 0.370, Nagelkerke R square = 0.609, Colonoscopy: Hosmer and Lemeshow test: chi square = 8.782, p = 0.365, Nagelkerke R square = 0.288.

Although some numerical values and statistical significance in specific models have been corrected, these changes do not affect the scientific conclusions or interpretations presented in the original publication.

The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.

References

Çelikkalp Ü, Irmak AY. Cancer screening behaviors and health literacy levels of women aged 30 and over in the northwest Turkey. European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology. 2024; 45: 96–105.

[Google Scholar]