Article Data

  • Views 1158
  • Dowloads 125

Reviews

Open Access

Patients with locally advanced cervical cancer should not undergo routine pretreatment surgical staging

  • F. Mota1,*,
  • C. De Oliveira1

1Department of Gynaecology, University Hospital of Coimbra, Portugal

DOI: 10.12892/ejgo200602109 Vol.27,Issue 2,March 2006 pp.109-114

Published: 10 March 2006

*Corresponding Author(s): F. Mota E-mail:

Abstract

The current FIGO staging system for locally advanced cervical cancer (Stages IIB to IVA) is considerably inaccurate, especially because lymph node metastases are ignored. Surgical staging has been used to overcome this insufficiency, allowing individualisation of therapy. However, this approach is controversial and should not be routinely undertaken considering the feasibility, adequacy and morbidity involved with the surgical procedure. Moreover, the survival benefit of surgical staging has yet to be proven and accurate non-invasive imaging alternatives, such as position emission tomography (PET) scanning, have become available. The management of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer based on PET and computed tomography (CT) imaging is proposed and discussed.

Keywords

Locally advanced cervical cancer; Surgical staging; Clinical staging, PET scanning

Cite and Share

F. Mota,C. De Oliveira. Patients with locally advanced cervical cancer should not undergo routine pretreatment surgical staging. European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology. 2006. 27(2);109-114.

References

[1] Wharton J.T., Jones H.W., Day T.G. Jr. et al.: "Preirradiation celiotomy and extended field irradiation for invasive carcinoma of the cervix". Obstet. Gynecol., 1977, 49, 333.

[2] Twiggs L.B., Polish R.A., George R.J. et al.: "Pre treatment extraperitoneal surgical staging in primary carcinoma of the cervix uteri". Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 1984, 158, 243.

[3] La Polla J.P., Schlaerth J.B., Gaddis 0. et al.: "The iinflu ence of surgical staging on the evaluation and treatment of patients with cervical carcinoma". Gynecol. Oneal., 1986, 24, 194.

[4] Goff B.A., Muntz H.G., Paley P.J. et al.: "Impact of surgical staging in women with locally advanced cervical cancer". Gynecol. Oncol., 1999, 74, 436.

[5] Hasenburg A., Salama J.K., Van T.J. et al.: "Evaluation of patients with extraperitoneal lymph node dissection and subsequent radiotherapy for cervical cancer". Gynecol. Oncol., 2002, 84, 321.

[6] Podczaski E., Styker J.A., Kaminski P. et al.: "Extended-field radiation therapy for carcinoma of the cervix". Cancer, 1990, 66, 25.

[7] Rotman M., Pajak T.F., Choi K. et al.: "Prophylactic extended-field irradiation of para-aortic lymph nodes in Stages IIB and bulky 1B and IIA cervical carcinomas. Ten-year treatment results of RTOG 79-20". J. Am. Med. Ass., 1995, 274, 387.

[8] Lagasse L.D., Creasman W.T., Shingleton H.M et al.: "Results and complications of operative staging in cervical cancer: experience of the Gynecology Oncology Group". Gynecol. Oncol., 1980, 9, 90.

[9] Subak L.L., Hricak H., Powell C.B. et al.: "Cerviical carcin oma: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imagingfor preoperative staging". Obstet. Gynecol., 1995, 86, 43.

[10] Weiser E.B., Bundy B.N., Hoskins W.J. et al.: "Extraperi eritoneal versus transperitoneal selective paraaortic lymphadenectomy in the pretreatment surgical staging of advanced cervical carcinoma (a GOG study)". Gynecol. Oncol., 1989, 33, 283.

[11] Cohn D.E., Tamimi H.K., Goff B.A. et al.: "Intraperitoneal spread of cervical carcinoma after laparoscopic lymphadenectomy". Obstet. Gynecol., 1997, 89, 864.

[12] Lane G., Tay J.: "Port-site metastasis following laparoscopic lymphadenectomy for adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervix". Gynecol. Oneal., 1999, 74, 130.

[13] Tjalma W.A., Winter-Roach B.A., Rowlands P. et al.: "Port-site recurrence following laparoscopic surgery in cervical cancer". Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer, 2001, 11,409.

[14] Hacker N.F., Wain G.V., Nicklin J.L.: "Resection of bulky positive lymph nodes in patients with cervical cancer". Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer, 1995, 5, 250.

[15] Cosin J.A., Fowler J.M., Chen M.D. et al.: "Pretreatment surgical staging of patients with cervical carcinoma: the case for lymph node debulking". Cancer, 1998, 82, 2241.

[16] Heller P.B., Maletano J.H., Bundy B.N. et al.: "Clinical-pathologic study of Stage IIB, III, and IVA carcinoma of the cervix: extended diagnostic evaluation for paraaortic node metastasis - a GOG study". Gynecol. Oncol., 1990, 38, 425.

[17] Varia M.A., Bundy B.N., Deppe G. et al.: "Cervical carcinoma metastatic to para-aortic nodes: extended field radiation therapy with concomitant 5-fluouracil and cisplatin chemotherapy. A GOG study". Int. J. Rad. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 1998, 4, 1015.

[18] Piver M.S.: "Extended field irradiation in the treatment of patients with cervical carcinoma involving biopsy proven para-aortic nodes". Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 1984, 10, 1993.

[19] Lai C.-H., Huang K.-G., Hong J.-H. et al. : "Randomized trial of surgical staging (extraperitoneal or laparoscopic) versus clinical staging in locally advanced cervical cancer". Gynecol. Oncol., 2003, 89, 160.

[20] Talamani M.A.: "Read at American College of Surgeons Fall Meeting (Wangensteen Surgical Forum). October 6-10, 1996; San Francisco, California.

[21] Cole W., Humphrey L.: "Need foor ii mmunologic stimulators during immunosuppression produced by major cancer surgery". Ann. Surg.,1 985, 202, 9.

[22] Grigsby P.W., Siegel B.A., Dehdashti F.: "Lymph node staging by positron emission tomography in patients with carcinoma of the cervix". J. Clin. Oncol., 2001, 19, 3745.

[23] Morris M., Eifel P.J., Lu J. et al.: "Pelvic radiation with concurrent chemotherapy compared with pelvic and para-aortic radiation for highrisk cervical cancer". l'{. En gl. J. Med., 1999, 340, 1137.

[24] Mutic S., Malyapa R.S., Grigsby P.W. et al.: "PET-guided IMRT for cervical carcinoma with positive para-aortic lymph nodes: a dose-escalation treatment planning study". Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 2003, 55, 28.

[25] Boronow R.C.: "Should whole pelvic radiation therapy become past history? A case for the routine use of extended field therapy and multimodality therapy". Gynecol. Oncol., 1991, 43, 71.

[26] Vigliotti A.P., Wen B.-C., Hussey D.H. et al.: "Extended field irradiation for carcinoma of the uterine cervix with positive periaortic nodes". Int. J. Radiat. Oneal. Biol. Phys., 1992, 23, 501.

[27] Possover M., Krause N., Plaul K. et al.: "Laparoscopic para-aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomy: Experience with 150 patients and review of the literature". Gynecol. Oncol., 1998, 71, 19.

[28] Fowler J.: "Controversies in cervical and endometrial cancer: a GOG educational symposium". 2003, Reno, NV.

[29] Dargent D., Ansquer Y., Mathevet P. et al.: "Technical development and results of left extraperitoneal laparoscopic paraaortic lymphadenectomy for cervical cancer". Gynecol. Oncol., 2000, 77, 87.

[30] Vidaurreta J., Bermudez A, di Paola G. et al.: "Laparoscopic staging in locally advanced cervical carcinoma: a new possible philosophy?" Gynecol. Oncol., 1999, 75, 366.

[31] Querleu D., Dargent D., Ansquer Y et al.: "Extraperitoneal endosurgical aortic and common iliac dissection in the staging of bulky or advanced cervical carcinomas". Cancer, 2000, 88, 1883.

[32] Schlaerth J.B., Spirtos N.M., Carson L.F. et al.: "Laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy followed by immediatelaparotomy m women with cervical cancer: a GOG study". Gynecol. Oncol., 2002, 85, 81.

[33] Vergote I., Amant F., Berteloot P. et al.: "Laparoscopic lower para-aortic staging lymphadenectomy in Stage IB2, II, and III cervical cancer" Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer, 2002, 12, 22.

[34] Sonoda Y., Leblanc E, Querleu D. et al.: "Prospective evaluation of surgical staging of advanced cervical cancer via a laparoscopic extraperitoneal approach". Gynecol. Oncol., 2003, 91, 326.

[35] Mehra G., Weekes A.R., Jacobs I.J. et al.: "Laparoscopic extraperitoneal paraaortic lymphadenectomy: a study of its applications m gynaecological malignancies". Gynecol. Oncol., 2004, 93, 189.

[36] Rose P.G., Adler L.P., Rodriguez M. et al.: "Positron emission tomography for evaluating paraaortic nodal metastasis inlocally advanced cervical cancer before surgical staging: a surgicopathological study". J. Clin. Oncol., 1999, 17, 41.

[37] Narayan K., Hicks R.J., Jobling T et al.: "A comparison of MRI and PET scanning in surgically staged locoregionally advanced cervical cancer: potential impact on treatment". Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer, 2001, 11, 263.

[38] Reinhardt M.J., Ehritt-Braun C., Vogelgesang D. et al.: "Metastatic lymph nodes in patients with cervical cancer: detection with MR imaging and FOG PET". Radiology, 2001, 218, 776.

[39] Yeh L.S., Hung Y.C., Shen Y.Y. et al.: "Detecting para-aortic lymph nodal metastasis by positron emission tomography of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in advanced cervical cancer with negative magnetic resonance imaging findings". Oncol. Rep., 2002, 9, 1289.

[40] Lin W.C., Hung Y.C., Yeh L.S. et al.: "Usefulness of l 8F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to detect para-aortic lymph nodal metastasis in advanced cervical cancer with negative computed tomography findings". Gynecol. Oncol., 2003, 89, 73.

Abstracted / indexed in

Web of Science (WOS) (On Hold)

Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition

Google Scholar

JournalSeek

Submission Turnaround Time

Top