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Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) caused by occult breast cancer and metastatic carcinoma of the lymph node

  • Jingjing Gong1
  • Yan Zhang2
  • Yonghua Huang1
  • Weimin Yin1
  • Weiwei Zhang1
  • Jun Feng1
  • Shijie Wang1
  • Xinhuai Wu1,3,*,

1Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Beijing Command PLA, Beijing, China

2Institute of Aviation Medicine, Air Force, Beijing, China

3Deparment of Radiology, General Hospital of Beijing Command PLA, Beijing, China

DOI: 10.12892/ejgo2682.2015 Vol.36,Issue 4,August 2015 pp.485-487

Published: 10 August 2015

*Corresponding Author(s): Xinhuai Wu E-mail: bzxinghuaiwu@163.com

Abstract

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are immune-mediated, subacute, and progressive syndromes caused by remote effects of malignant tumours rather than the direct infiltration of tumours. The most common maladies related to PNS are small cell lung cancer, breast and ovarian cancer, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Diagnoses of PNS frequently precede tumour diagnoses because the primary tumour is often occult. It is difficult for clinicians to recognise PNS, because there are various neurological symptoms and signs in the patient but few abnormal results of the examinations. The examination of paraneoplastic panels (cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum) is useful in the diagnosis of PNS, but the false negatives should be considered. Due to the severe neurological morbidity and mortality caused by PNS, early diagnoses are important to allow for time to treat the underlying tumour and to obtain functional improvement. It is worth noting that regular re-examination and follow-up are crucial for reducing the rates of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of PNS.

Keywords

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes; Occult breast cancer; Metastatic carcinoma of the lymph node.

Cite and Share

Jingjing Gong,Yan Zhang,Yonghua Huang,Weimin Yin,Weiwei Zhang,Jun Feng,Shijie Wang,Xinhuai Wu. Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) caused by occult breast cancer and metastatic carcinoma of the lymph node. European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology. 2015. 36(4);485-487.

References

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[2] Bataller L., Dalmau J.O.: “Paraneoplastic disorders of the central nervous system: update on diagnostic criteria and treatment”. Semin. Neurol., 2004, 24, 461.

[3] Shams’ili S., Grefkens J., de Leeuw B., van den Bent M., Hooijkaas H., van der Holt B., et al.: “Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration associated with antineuronal antibodies: analysis of 50 patients”. Brain, 2003, 126, 1409.

[4] Graus F., Keime-Guibert F., Reñé R., Benyahia B., Ribalta T., Ascaso C., et al.: “Anti-Hu-associated paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis: analysis of 200 patients”. Brain, 2001, 124, 1138.

[5] Basu S., Alavi A.: “Role of FDG-PET in the clinical management of paraneoplastic neurological syndrome: detection of the underlying malignancy and the brain PET-MRI correlates”. Mol. Imaging Biol., 2008, 10, 131.

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