Combination therapy of cytotoxic t-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (ctla-4) and programmed death 1 (pd1) blocker, check point inhibitors for treatment of patients with advanced and recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer

The standard of care for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer is platinum-based combination chemotherapy for those who relapse more than six months after completing adjuvant therapy. The use of biological agents such as bevacizumab has increased progressionfree survival (PFS), but has not shown a significant increase in overall survival (OS). Immunotherapy treatment modality is being actively pursued for patients with ovarian cancer. The goal of immunotherapy is to generate a tumor specific, T cell response that decrease residual disease, and protects against future recurrence. Combination therapy of anti-PD-1 antibodies, and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies reverses the TIL dysfunction and induces tumor regression in solid tumors, including ovarian cancer. When GM-CSF vaccine is added, it results in increased tumor rejection.

Recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer; Ovarian cancer immunotherapy; GM-CSF gene vaccine; Anti-PD1 antibodies; anti CTLA-4 antibodies.

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