The role of progesterone in ovarian cancer from pathogenesis to personalized therapy: an updated mini-review

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecologic malignancy, with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma representing the most prevalent and aggressive subtype. Despite advances in surgery and chemotherapy, recurrence remains high, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Progesterone plays a dual role in ovarian cancer, acting both as a potential tumour suppressor and, in specific genetic contexts, as a carcinogenic factor. While hormone therapy remains underutilized, emerging evidence supports its relevance in selected patient populations. This narrative review aims to explore the physiological and pathological roles of progesterone in ovarian cancer and its potential as a therapeutic target, to identify future research opportunities, focused on molecular stratification to optimize endocrine strategies and integrate hormonal biomarkers into clinical decision-making.

Ovarian cancer; Progesterone; Hormonal therapy; PR receptors

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