Development of high-risk HPV associated cervical dysplasia despite HPV-vaccination: a regional dysplasia center cohort study

The present study was conducted to examine the frequency of CIN/squamous intraepithelial lesions in patients after vaccination and respective HPV types observed at their referral to a regional center for screening of cervical dysplasia.

HPV; Vaccination; Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

[1] Munoz N., Bosch, F. X., de Sanjose, S., Herrero, R., Castellsague, X., Shah, K. V., Snijders, et al.: “Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer”. N. Engl. J. Med., 2003, 348, 518.

[2] Tota J.E., Ramana-Kumar A.V, El-Khatib Z., Franco E.L.: “The road ahead for cervical cancer prevention and control”. Curr. Oncol., 2014, 21, e255.

[3] National Cancer Institute: “HPV and Cancer”. available at: www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectiousagents/hpv-fact-sheet

[4] Cid-Arregui A.: “Therapeutic vaccines against human papillomavirus and cervical cancer”. Open Virol. J., 2009, 3, 67.

[5] Delere Y., Wichmann O., Klug S.J., van der Sande M., Terhardt M., Zepp F., Harder T.: “The efficacy and duration of vaccine protection against human papillomavirus: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. Dtsch. Aerztbl. Int., 2014, 111, 584.

[6] Doorbar J., Quint W., Banks L., Bravo I.G., Stoler M., Broker T.R., Stanley M.A.: “The biology and life-cycle of human papillomaviruses”. Vaccine, 2012, 30, F55.

[7] Immunization Expert Work Group, C.o.A.H.C: “Committee opinion No. 704: human papillomavirus vaccination”. Obstet. Gynecol., 2017, 129, e173.

[8] Markowitz L.E., Liu G., Hariri S., Steinau M., Dunne E.F., Unger E.R.: “Prevalence of HPV after introduction of the vaccination program in the United States”. Pediatrics, 2016, 137, e20151968.

[9] Brotherton J.M.L., Fridman M., May C.L., Chappell G., Saville A.M., Gertig D.M.: “Early effect of the HPV vaccination programme on cervical abnormalities in Virctoria, Australia: an ecological study”. Lancet, 2011, 377, 2085.

[10] Robert Koch Institut: “Mitteilung der Ständigen Impfkommission (STIKO) am Robert Koch Institut: Anwendung des neunvalenten Impfstoffs gegen Humane Papillomviren (HPV)”. Epidemiologisches Bull., 2016, 16, 137.

[11] Calil L.N., Edelweiss M.I.A., Meurer L., Ignasi C.N., Bozzetti M.C.: “p16INK4a and Ki67 expression in normal, dysplastic and neoplastic uterine cervical epithelium and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection”. Pathol. Res. Pract., 2014, 210, 482.

[12] Serrano B., Alemany L., Tous S., Bruni L, Clifford G.M., Weiss T., et al.: “Potential inpact of a nine-valent vaccine in human papillomavirus related cervical disease”. Inf. Agents and Cancer, 2012, 7, 38.

[13] Kavanagh K., Pollock K.G.J., Potts A., Love J., Cuschieri K., Cubie H. et al.: “Introduction and sustained high coverage of the HPV bivalent vaccine leads to a reduction in prevalence of HPV 16/18 and closely related HPV types”. Br. J. Cancer, 2014, 110, 2804.

[14] Tabrizi S.N., Brotherton J.M.L., Kaldor J.M., Skinner S.R., Liu B., Bateson D. et al.: “Assessment of herd immunity and cross-protection after a human papillomavirus vaccination programme in Australia: a repeat cross-sectional study”. Lancet Infect. Dis., 2014, 14, 958.

[15] Kirby T.: “FDA approves new upgraded Gardasil 9”. Lancet Oncol., 2015, 16, e56.

[16] Schlecht N.F., Platt R.W., Duarte-Franco E., Costa M.C., Sobrinho J.P., Prado J.C. et al.: “Human papillomavirus infection and time to progression and regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia”. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 2003, 95, 1336.

[17] Donken R., King A.J., Bogaards J.A., Woestenberg P.J., Meijer C.J.L.M, de Melker H.E.: “High effectiveness of the bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine against incident and persistent HPV infections up to 6 years after vaccination in young dutch women”. J. Infect. Dis, 2018, 217, 1579.

[18] Massad L.S.: “Anticipating the impact of human papillomavirus vaccination on US cervical cancer prevention strategies”. J. Low. Genit. Tract Dis., 2018, 22, 123.